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Objective:To investigate the impact of switching to low iodine drinking water in areas with high water iodine levels on the iodine nutritional status and thyroid function of pregnant women.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Gaoqing County, Zibo City, Shandong Province. Pregnant women who underwent prenatal examinations at the Obstetrics Clinic of Gaoqing County People's Hospital from 2019 to 2021 were selected as the survey subjects. With reference to the Criteria for the Classification of Water Source High Iodine Areas and High Iodine Disease Areas (GB/T 19380-2016), pregnant women with drinking water iodine > 100 μg/L were considered as the high water iodine group and ≤100 μg/L was the non-high water iodine group. Basic information, one random urine sample, fasting blood sample, 24-hour urine sample and drinking water sample of pregnant women were collected, and thyroid ultrasound examination was performed on pregnant women. Urinary iodine (UI) concentration (UIC) and drinking water iodine concentration (WIC) were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and 24-hour urinary iodine excretion (UIE) and daily iodine intake (TII) of pregnant women were calculated. Serum thyroid hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT 3), free thyroxine (FT 4), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and anti-thyroid autoantibodies (TgAb) were determined by automatic chemiluminescence immunoassay. Creatinine (CR) was determined using deproteinized endpoint microplate method and UI/CR was calculate. Results:A total of 797 pregnant women were included, and the UIC was 150.2 (88.1, 281.3) μg/L, the iodine nutrition was generally at an appropriate level. Among them, 584 pregnant women in the non-high water iodine group had a UIC of 120.9 (74.9, 191.5) μg/L, which was at the iodine deficiency level; 213 pregnant women in the high water iodine group had a UIC of 321.1 (201.9, 569.1) μg/L, which was at the iodine super-appropriate level; the differences in WIC, UIC, UIE, TII, and UI/CR between the two groups were statistically significant ( Z = 21.63, 13.34, 15.14, 15.14, 11.81, P < 0.001). After stratification by different gestational periods, the differences were statistically significant when comparing WIC and TSH in pregnant women in the non-high water iodine group and UI/CR in pregnant women in the high water iodine group by gestational period ( H = 59.13, 7.30, 13.60, P < 0.05). A total of 744 pregnant women were tested for thyroid function, and 128 cases of TSH > 2.5 mU/L, 15 cases of hypothyroxemia, and 19 cases of subclinical hypothyroidism were detected, with detection rates of 17.2%, 2.0%, and 2.6%, respectively. The differences were statistically significant when comparing TSH and TPOAb levels and the proportion of pregnant women with TSH > 2.5 mU/L in the high water iodine and non-high water iodine groups ( Z = 3.04, - 2.17, χ 2 = 6.94, P = 0.002, 0.030, 0.008). The thyroid glands of pregnant women were examined in 720 cases, and 30 cases of goiter and 150 cases of thyroid nodules were detected, with detection rates of 4.2% and 20.8%, respectively. The median thyroid volume was 8.92 ml in the high water iodine group and 8.60 ml in the non-high water iodine group, which were both within the normal range, with no statistically significant difference between the groups ( Z = - 0.75, P = 0.455). Conclusions:After changing to low iodine water, the overall iodine nutrition of pregnant women in Gaoqing County is now at an appropriate level, and the reduction of water iodine effectively reduces the risk of TSH abnormalities in local pregnant women. However, pregnant women in the non-high water iodine group are iodine deficiency, and pregnant women in the high water iodine group are at iodine super-appropriate, and the iodine nutrition level of pregnant women in this area is highly variable, which causes the "illusion" that the overall iodine level of local pregnant women is suitable.
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Objective:To observe the urinary iodine content (UIC), breast milk iodine content (BMIC) and milk iodine excretion of lactating rats under different iodine nutrition levels, and to explore the iodine metabolism of the lactating rats under different iodine nutrition levels.Methods:Forty female Wistar rats with body weight ranging from 70 to 120 g were divided into low iodine (LI) group, normal iodine (NI) group, hight iodineⅠ (HIⅠ) group and hight iodine Ⅱ (HIⅡ) group according to body weight by random number table method, with 10 rats in each group. The rats were fed low-iodine diet, and the iodine ion concentration of drinking water in each group was 0, 325, 18 700 and 37 450 μg/L. Twenty male rats were fed according to the feed method of NI group. After 8 weeks of intervention, the male and female rats were caged and mated in a ratio of 1 ∶ 2. Milk and 24 h urine were collected on the 7th, 14th and 21st days of lactation (L7, L14 and L21), and the amount of food and drinking water consumed were recorded. The 24 h milk excretion was calculated by acute lactation test. UIC and BMIC were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).Results:The 24 h total iodine intake of lactating rats in LI, NI, HIⅠ and HIⅡ groups were (1.84 ± 0.51), (30.51 ± 6.79), (765.95 ± 317.41) and (1 654.26 ± 560.55) μg/d, respectively. The difference between groups was statistically significant ( P < 0.001). At L7, L14 and L21, there were statistically significant differences in UIC, BMIC and milk iodine excretion at the same lactation stages among different groups ( P < 0.001). In HIⅡ group, the difference of BMIC and milk iodine excretion at different lactation stages (L7, L14, and L21) were significantly signrficant ( P < 0.05). The 24 h milk iodine excretion of LI, NI, HIⅠ and HIⅡ groups was (1.23 ± 0.85), (11.88 ± 5.23), (207.09 ± 114.51), (493.67 ± 242.47) μg, respectively. The proportion of 24 h milk iodine excretion to 24 h total iodine intake was 66.85%, 38.94%, 27.04% and 29.84%, respectively. Conclusions:About 39% of dietary iodine is supplied to offspring through milk when iodine nutrition is normal. The iodine excretion ratio of milk is increased or decreased with low and high iodine levels. These results indicate that lactating rats with different iodine nutrition levels can regulate the ratio of iodine excretion in milk through their own compensatory effect to reduce the influence of iodine deficiency and iodine excess on their offspring.
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Background@#Bovine papilloma is a neoplastic disease caused by bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs), which were recently divided into 5 genera and at least 24 genotypes. @*Objectives@#The complete genome sequence of BPV type 15 (BPV Aks-02), a novel putative BPV type from skin samples from infected cows in Southern Xinjiang China, was determined by collecting warty lesions, followed by DNA extraction and amplicon sequencing. @*Methods@#DNA was analyzed initially by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the degenerate primers FAP59 and FAP64. The complete genome sequences of the BPV Aks-02 were amplified by PCR using the amplification primers and sequencing primers. Sequence analysis and phylogenetic analysis were performed using bio-informatic software. @*Results@#The nucleotide sequence of the L1 open reading frame (ORF) of BPV Aks-02 was 75% identity to the L1 ORF of BPV-9 reference strain from GenBank. The complete genome consisted of 7,189 base pairs (G + C content of 42.50%) that encoded 5 early (E8, E7, E1, E2, and E4) and 2 late (L1 and L2) genes. The E7 protein contained a consensus CX2CX29CX 2 C zinc-binding domain and a LxCxE motif. Among the different members of this group, the percentages of the complete genome and ORFs (including 5 early and 2 late ORFs) sequence identity of BPV Aks-02 were closer to the genus Xipapillomavirus 1 of the Xipapillomavirus genus.Phylogenetic analysis and sequence similarities based on the L1 ORF of BPV Aks-02 revealed the same cluster. @*Conclusions@#The results suggest that BPV type (BPV Aks-02) clustered with members of the Xipapillomavirus genus as BPV 15 and were closely related to Xipapillomavirus 1.
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Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of modified largeincision manual cataract extraction combined with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation for high myopia with cataract.Methods Twenty-eight patients (32 eyes) of high myopia with cataract underwent modified large-incision manual cataract extraction combined with IOL implantation.The nuclear hardness of 20 eyes were in degree Ⅲ,11 eyes were in degree ⅣV,1 eye was in degree V.The follow-up time was form 2 months to 12 months,the visual acuity,refraction and complications were observed and analyzed,Resuits In 32 eyes,the postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was better than pre-operation in 28 eyes,4 eyes had no any improvement,in which the server high myopic fundus disease was found.The preoperative and postoperative BCVA were (1.43 ± 0.73) IogMAR and (0.84 ± 0.71) logMAR,and the sphere equivalent were (-15.33 ± 5.03) D and (-1.86 ± 1.41) D,the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).The intraoperative partial suspensory ligament occurred in 1 eye,iris hemorrhage appeared in 1 eye when extracting the lens nucleus;The postoperative mild corneal edema was seen in 11 eyes,hyphema in 1 eye,temporary high IOP in 1 eye,uveitis in 3 eyes,which disappeared within 1 week after treatment.IOL were implanted into capsular bag except 1 eye for partly broken ciliary zonule.There was no IOL dislocation within the follow-up.Conclusion Modified large-incision manual cataract extraction combined with IOL implantation is safe and effective for high myopia with cataract.
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Iodine is an essential trace element,its physiological function is realized through thyroid hormone,both iodine deficiency and excess have influences on human health.After 20-year implementation of universal salt iodization in China,the iodine deficiency disorders have been controlled effectively,while the problem of iodine excess emerged.Because of different geographical environment,dietary habits and physiological status,some people did exposed to high level of iodine.In recent years,domestic and foreign scholars carried out series of researches aiming at disclose the effects of iodine excess on human health.The health problems induced by high iodine intaking are goiter,hyperthyroidism,hypothyroidism,autoimmune thyroiditis and thyroid cancer et al.Therefore,when preventing and treating iodine deficiency,iodine excess should also be avoided,so as to achieve the ideal goal of adjust measurements according to local conditions,classification guidance,and scientific iodine supplementation.
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Objective To introduce a new economical method which can be used for determination of urinary iodine of batch samples with low cost of arsenic trioxide,and decrease environmental pollution.Methods A catalytic spectrophotometry for measuring iodine content in a small volume of urine samples with low cost of arsenic and cerium was established based on the principle of ammonium persulfate digestion As3+-Ce4+ catalytic spectrophotometry.Ninety-six well polypropylene microplate was utilized as digestion and catalysis reaction vessel,conventional laboratory oven was used as a tool to digest and heat,ice plate was used to cool,and the absorbance was read with the Multimode Reader.The accuracy of the new method was evaluated with the current standard method (WS/T 107-2006) by simultaneous determination of urinary iodine of 24 urine samples.Results The linear range of this method was 0-300 μg/L,the linear correlative coefficient (r) was higher than 0.999,and the detection limit was 8.67 μg/L.The coefficient of variations was 2.15％,4.33％ and 3.48％ when measuring urine samples with high,medium and low iodine concentration,respectively.The test results of three national standard urinary iodine samples were all within the given value range and the relative deviation (RD) was-0.16％,1.81％ and-2.82％,respectively.The average recovery of the low concentration was 97.51％,and that of the high concentration was 96.01％.The two methods correlated well (r =0.995,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions This method greatly reduces the arsenic waste,environmental pollution,consumables and labor.The new method is simple and efficient,accurate and reliable;it is suitable for application as a supplementary method for analyzing urinary iodine of a large number of samples.
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To study the complete genomic sequence, genomic characteristics, and genetic variation of the bovine papillomavirus 2 genotype (BPV-2) Aks-01 strain at the molecular level, genotyping of this strain from the skin samples of cows in southern Xinjiang (China) was first detected by the polymerase chain reaction with FAP59/FAP64 primers. Based on the complete genome of the BPV-2 reference strain, specific primers and sequencing primers were designed, and the complete genome of the Aks-01 strain amplified and sequenced. Sequence analyses showed that genotyping of the Aks-01 strain belonged to BPV-2. The Aks-01 strain had the structural characteristics of BPV-2. The 7944-bp full-length genomic sequence of the Aks-01 strain was compiled using DNAStar™. The sequence of the Aks-01 strain had 98% similarity to the reference strain from GenBank. The Aks-01 strain was most closely related to BPV-1 and BPV-13. BPV-2, BPV-1 and BPV-13 were grouped within the genus Deltapapillomavirus. The Aks-01 strain is the first BPV-2 strain reported in southern Xinjiang.
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Animals , Cattle , Female , Amino Acid Sequence , Base Sequence , Bovine papillomavirus 1 , Genetics , China , Evolution, Molecular , Genome, Viral , Genetics , Genomics , Genotype , Molecular Sequence Data , Oncogene Proteins, Viral , Chemistry , Genetics , Metabolism , Phylogeny , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Skin , VirologyABSTRACT
To explore the influences of pregnancy and iodine intake on thyroid function and immune functions, 210 pregnant women and 290 fertile women were chosen from iodine excess area, and the average ages of them were (27. 69±4. 73 )and (30. 62±6. 01 )years respectively. Fasting blood and urine were collected in the morning. The urinary iodine level was determined by arsenic-cerium catalytic contact. Serum free triiodothyronine ( FT3 ), free thyroxine ( FT4 ), and sensitive thyroid-stimulating hormone ( sTSH ) levels were measured by chemiluminescence.Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb)and thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb)were measured by radioimmunoassay. The median urinary iodine in the pregnant and fertile women were I 240. 70 and 949. 21 μg/L, respectively. There were 84. 3% pregnant women and 81.0% fertile women admitting excess iodine intake. The prevalence of overall thyroid diseases was 22. 9% in the pregnant women and 30. 3% in the fertile women. The prevalence of hyperthyroidism,subclinical hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and subclinical hypothyroidism was0. 5%, 1.9%, 0. 5%, and 20. 0% in the former group, and 2. 8%, 0. 3%, 0. 3%, and 26. 9% in the latter. Both FT3 and FT4 levels of the pregnant women were lower than those of fertile women [(4. 03±0. 59 vs 4. 71 ± 1.04)pmol/L, ( 13. 35 ± 1.59 vs 14. 27 ±3.63 )pmol/L,both P＜0. 01], and the positive rate of TGAb of pregnant women was also lower than that of fertile women (7. 1% vs14. 1%, P=0. 014). The prevalence of thyroid diseases and positive rate of thyroid autoantibodies is high in women with excess iodine intake. Compared with fertile women, pregnancy may lead to decreas~s in level of thyroid hormones and positive rate of TGAb. Their iodine intake should be controlled, and the thyroid function and autoimmunity antibodies should be monitored.
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Objective:To observe the effect of different iodine intake on the thyroid function in euthyroid adult persons.Methods:One hundred and sixty-one euthyroid healthy volunteers aged 18-24 years were randomly divided into 7 groups.Each group was assigned to receive 500 μg,750 μg,1 000 μg,1 250 μg,1 500 μg,and 2 000 μg iodide/day for four weeks.Serum concentrations of free triiodothyronine(FT3),free thyroxin(FT4)and sensitive thyroid-stimulating hormone(sTSH)were measured by chemolumineseenee assays.Results:Serum FT3 concentration was found a small decline within the normal range in all the iodide supplemented groups(P ＜ 0.05).The level of FT4 was significantly lower,when the dose was up to 1 500 μg (P ＜ 0.05).The level of serum sTSH was increased after 2 weeks iodide supplement in all groups,and after 4 weeks in 500 μg and 750 μg groups(P ＜ 0.05).No significant changes were observed in FT3,FT4 and sTSH between groups(P＞ 0.05).Conclusion:The thyroid function of normal people showed a rise in serum sTSH at a short time and a high-dose of iodine intake.
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Objective To explore the safety of iodine intake in adults.Method Euthyroid healthy volunteers aged 18 to 24 years(22.54?2.65y)were adopted and divided into 7 groups randomly.Each group was assigned to receive 500,750,1000,1250,1500,and 2000?g iodide oral doses daily for 4 w.Blood and urine samples during morning fast were obtained on weeks 0,2 and 4.We used chemiluminescence immunoassay(CLIA) to measure sTSH,FT4 and immunoradiometric assay(IRMA) to measure TPOAb and TGAb.Urinary iodine was evaluated.The dietary survey was done by recording method to collect food consumption data for 7 d.We also measured the iodine amount in drinking water,food and iodinized salt.Results All the volunteers were in adequate iodine levels.The median urinary iodine was 272.25?g/L,and the dietary iodine intake including iodinized salt was 346.24?g/d.We found all the iodide supplemented groups responded in the same way with a significant rise in urinary iodide excretion and in serum sTSH levels,with a small decline in serum FT4 concentration at normal range.After 2 w the serum sTSH levels in the iodide supplemented groups increased nearly more than double,and nearly two fold after 4 w.The subclinical hypothyroidism appeared at 500～2000 ?g/d after 2 w.After 4 w the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism kept the same level at 500?g/d(15%),and increased at other iodine supplemented groups. The subclinical hypothyroidism prevalence at the 750-2000?g/d doses was at the range of 28.00%～47.37%.No clinical hypothyroidism was observed among the people during iodide administration.Conclusion The dysfunction of thyroid in normal population was mainly subclinical hypothyroidism with an exposure to a high dose iodine intake(500?g～2000?g) in a short time.It can lead to subclinical hypothyroidism in the subjects at 500?g /d doses.In iodine-sufficient area iodine supplemented dose was not appropriate to exceed 500?g/d.We suggested the UL of iodine below 900 ?g/d.